Ruling apparatus for characters



K. CASTAN RULING APPARATUS FOR CHARACTERS I HOOMVM OH 000 0000 OOOOH y Filed March 11. 1927 ESe xdE 10 Nov. 20, 1928.

Patented Nov. 20, 192 8.

m1. GASTAN, or rroaznam, enamanx.

BULIN'G APPARATUS FOR CHARACTERS.

Application filed March 11, 1927, Serial in. 174,557,

This invention relates to an apparatus for ruling for characters, especially so-called Egyptian characters used on drawings.

Apparatus have become known which serve for writin characters of this kind, the main element oi the apparatus consisting of ane or several, stencils which do not require ruled lines for the capital letters and small letters. These apparatus are notonly very expensive but also difficult to use, so that they generally are employed only by beginners and unskilled people, the skilledtechnical draft'sman writing the Egyptian characters oflhand with the aid of a nib the width 1 of which corresponds-to the height of the characters. With this object in view the draftsman has first to ascertain the following measures: height of the capital letters and of the small letters, interval between the lines and number of the pen, whereupon the heights and intervals have to be transferred with the rule and the lines have to be drawn with the T-square; all this requiring .much difficult work.

This invention has for its object to considerably simplify theyvorking method.

An embodiment of the invention is shown,.

by way of example, on the accompanying drawing, in which Figs. 1 and 2 show each the apparatus in elevation. V

Fig. 3 shows the cross section of a hole. Fig. 4 shows an example of application. A plate a, about 1, 2 'mms'. thick and made of celluloid or any other transparent material, has the shape of a parallelogram the left and right short sides I) and 0 form with the upper and lower long, sides'at each corner an angle of 75, at which angle the'standto ard types,

to occasionally draw auxiliary lines by means of which the inclined position of thecharacters at the writing is controlled. On these ing tinued from one end to the other. In plate a several hole systems are ar- -ments of the heightof the capital characters.

so-called Egyptian are inclined to a the horizontal. ,The short sidesb and c serve show the millimeter divisions only in the first centimeter although the division is conand in Germany July 22, 1926.

ranged and designated each in proximity to the foot line f on which they all begin, by 2,5; 3,5; 5; 7; 10; 14; 20; 28-respectively. These numerals correspond tothe measure in millimeters. The dividing holes belonging to one hole system are arranged the one above the other at 7 5. 1' The distance of the first andsecond holefrom the foot hole is equal to theheigh-tof the small characters 6! and to the height of the capital characters. In each-hole system the height of the capital characters is marked by two parallel straight lines 9 standing to the horizontal line, and above these two lines g one single straight line h indicates the average space between two lines. In order, however, that the line space may be selected smaller or greater than the average line space in the s stem, another hole is arranged at either si e of each hole system the one of these holes standing lower v and the other hole higher than the system. The firsthole indicates the line space which corresponds to the standard minimum measure which is selected so that'the lines written with this space appear to the eye just as continuous writing. On the plate 'a. the three holes belongin to the system designated at the foot hole by 14 and designed for the three different line spaces are marked minimum, average, maximum, linev space.

For writing with character height 7 and shorter (right half of the plate a) the total height of a written line including the corre- 'sponding line space is several times marked by holes spaced 75, as these smaller writings are specially frequently used in whole lines in schedules, indexes and the like, so that the foot lines for several linesca'n be drawn without shifting of the ruler on which the table a rests. g

, In all systems, with the exception of that for the smallestcharacter height, the figures 3A; 1; 1,5; 2; 3; d are further marked. They indicate the thickness of the contours of the; characters in millimeters. The dis- I tance between the parallels g in one system corresponds to this size. The pens for writing Egyptian characters are known-in commerce under the same figures.

Approximately at the center of plate a two hole systems are arranged the holes of which I serve for the production or a eater number of lines spaced 4 and 5 mi imeters or the multiple of 4 and 5 millimeters. The meaa no we figures 4 and 5 with arrows indicate "the measure of the hole distance in the vertical' direction.

The scales on the short sides and c begin at the height .ofthe foot line f of the hole systems 6 centimeters being marked in upward direction and 1 centimeter in downward direction. It is thus possible to measure the line space or the distance from an existing .mar'gin line in millimeters although the di- 'vision'holes existing. in the hole system do not tally with the line spaces. Fig. 4 illustrates this by way of example. Characters of the'height 10 have to be written between two margin lines spa-ced millimeters. In

,, order to obtain the footline for the writing it is necessary to measure, with the aid of one of the scales on the short sides 6 or 0 from the upper margin line 15 millimeters in direction from the lower margin line.

downward-direction or 5 mm. in upward .The hole cross section shown in Fig. 3 shows two, diflerent cones-I The cratershaped enlarged portion 2' serves to facilitate the insertion and the narrower portion k serves tov guide the pencil point during the ruling. If the distance between two holes is- -soshort that their craters would merge the one into the other, one of the holes is made on the horizontal, in preserving the distance in the vertical direction, as this is shown in the systems for the height 5; 3,5; 2,5 for the holes which-indicate the height of the small.

characters on the plate a. v To use the instrument lay the lower long side (1 of the sameonthe ruler, insert a pencil in the correct hole and move the instrument under slight 75 has been selected in order to fix in the users memory the angle. measure of the inclination of the characters.

The parallel lines 9 between foot and head of the capital'characters and indicating'the thicknessof the writing allow to discern and compare the size and thickness of the characselect-ion of the writin adapted for the actual case is considerably acilitatedw -Iclai'm';] I

- 1. A rulinglinstrument for writing consistingof a-plate of transparent material and having hole systems one for each' height of 'theowritiii hole system com rising es sentially 'vision holes arrange the one above the others and. designating respectively the vertical of small characters, capital characters and the line space, all the hole systems are arranged on plate a so in each hole systems beginning on one and the same foot line which is parallel to the long sides of said plate, F there being two parallel straight lines inclined to the horizontal at the angle of inclination of the characters indicating the height of capital characters in each hole system, the distance between said lines being equal to the thickness of the lines 'hole systems beginning on one and the'same' foot hne which is parallel to the long sides of "said plate, there being two parallel straight lines inclined to the horizontal at the angle of inclination ofthe characters indicating the height of capital characters in each hole system-the distancebetween said lines being equal to the thickness of the lines forming the characters, and the line space indicated in each hole system by a straight line from the center to the center of the corresponding division holes.

3. A rulin instrument for writing consisting of a .p ate of transparent material and having hole systems. one for each height of the writing, each hole system comprising essentially division holes arranged the one above the others and designating respectively the vertical limits of small characters, capital characters and the line space, ail the hole systems beginning on one and the same foot line which is parallel to the long sides "of said plate, there being two parallel straight lines inclined to the horizontal at the v angle of inclination of the characters indicating the height of capital characters in each hole system t edistance between said lines being equal to the thickness of the lines forming the characters, the line space indicated system by a straight line from the center to t e center of the corresponding division holes, and two further division holes for a smaller and a ranged at either side 0 he hole system. LA rulin instrument for writing conhaving hole systems one for each height of the writin each hole system com rising es-' sentially i-vision holes arrange the oneabove the others and designating respectively ofinclination off the characters indicating the height of capital characters'in each hole greater line space .ar:

g sisting of'ap ate oftransparent material and I ters of the several hole systems so that the l system the distance between said lines being equal to the thickness of the lines forming the characters, the line ace indicated in each hole system by a stralght line from the center to the center of the corres nding :division holes, and two further fora smaller and a' greater line space arera ' ranlged at either side of the hole system, sevhole systems specially for writings which are -fre'quently used linewise being arranged on-said plate directly the one above the other.

5. A- ruling instrument for writing conof a plate of transparent material and having hole one for each height of ivision holes systems I on one and the same foot lme which 1s per el tothe long sides of said plate, and there being scales on the sliort sides of the plate the zero point of each scale being situated at the height of said foot line of the hole systems.

KARL GASTAN.

ising esthe one 7 25 In testimony whereof I aflixmy signature. i 

